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An article written for The Guild of TV Cameramen’s Magazine
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Covering the Tsunami
“Beep-Beep….Beep-Beep” – the ubiquitous text message greets us as we awake – its Boxing Day and we’re on the Andaman sea island of Koh Ngai off the south-western Thai coast. The message is from a friend who works at the local Thai ITV channel warning us that there’d been a large earthquake off the coast of Sumatra. We head for breakfast by the sea at the idyllic resort, and watch as the sea starts behaving very strangely. It falls to a very low level, exposing the coral we had been snorkelling above the day before, and then rises to three or four metres higher in a matter of minutes, which is very unusual in this part of the world. My mother, stepfather and two friends who we were holidaying with, had planned to take an early boat trip to the Emerald cave today, but Graeme and Tracy had been late getting up and so the departure was delayed. As breakfast ended, and with the sea behaving so erratically, they fortuitously decide to cancel. Me and my wife, Mix, weren’t planning on going anyway as she is three months pregnant and doesn’t fancy a rocky boat trip, even before the events of today. The owners of the resort were unaware of the earthquake when my wife tells them, and they immediately decide to cancel all of the day’s boat trips. Given what we’ve seen and heard, we decide to stay off the beach and sit outside our rooms. The occasional wave is coming high up the beach though, so I pick up my mother’s mini DV camcorder and get ready to film. A short while later, a big wave surges up the steep beach, picking up the only person left on it – a teenage boy – and throwing him onto the top of the beach – all so quickly, and before I had chance to start filming! I shout out “it’s a big one”, as the wave comes over the top of the beach, giving my mother a shock as she is sitting there with a towel over her head trying to read the display on her mobile phone. I’m now recording and catch it all on camera as she screams out, and everyone is sent running, grabbing at belongings. As the wave washes back out, a pleasure boat on the pier is thrown about like a toy boat in the bath. Soon afterwards other tour boats start returning to the pier, their passengers in various states – many with injuries caused when they were thrown against rocks whilst snorkelling. Fortunately there were no serious injuries to tourists at our resort and no damage to buildings – the very steep beach had definitely helped, along with the resort being on the landward side of the island so we didn’t receive a direct ‘hit’ from the waves. However we did hear that two Malaysians were killed at Emerald Cave that morning. Witnessing this makes us realise the power of this earthquake, and we head to higher ground at the back of the resort, as we start to hear that hotels in Phuket have been flooded by the wave, although the extent of the damage isn’t clear. Some other holiday makers follow us up the hill, and I lend my mobile to one quite distressed Swedish lady to call her family back home. After an hour or so when we think the danger is over, we head back down to the resort’s business centre, and with a firewire cable borrowed from another guest, I transfer the DV footage I shot of the wave to a computer, code it as an Mpeg and email it to ITN. It later appeared on ITV News – much to the shock of my sister watching in the UK, who saw and heard our mother’s reaction to the wave. As we watched the story unfolding on BBC World and CNN we realised that we’d got off very lightly. The Channel 4 news desk tell me that they might want me to do a phono with them, but later cancel it as Channel 4 News reporter Katie Razzall is on honeymoon in southern Sri Lanka and has called in to report from there. I also get a call from the ITV news desk asking if I could possibly get to Koh Yao Noi to work with John Irvine who had been caught up in the Tsunami with his family. However after a fairly worrying nights sleep, I asked the boat men if they’d be able to take me, but none of them would – and not for any money. It would have been an hour and a half’s speedboat trip, and the only journey they’d be prepared to make is the short trip back to the mainland. As we’d been scheduled to depart on the 27th anyway, we leave for our flight back from Trang to Bangkok. The news desk in London have decided to send me to Sri Lanka to work with Katie Razzall as Ian Williams, Channel 4 news’ Asia correspondent, is on Christmas holiday with his family in the depths of western Australia. So I fly to Colombo, and I’m met by a driver in a classic old Mercedes – so cavernous that it can easily carry all twelve of my flight cases. The driver tells me how his house was washed away in the Tsunami and his grandmother is missing – but he has to keep on working to make money. We drive through the night, cross country, to Tangalle on the southern coast, arriving as dawn breaks. Katie and her husband, Oliver, had a narrow escape at the cabana resort where they were spending their honeymoon – I feel like somewhat of a gate crasher intruding on their honeymoon, but they make me feel very welcome. After a couple of hours sleep in one of the undamaged cabanas, we head for Hambantota to the east of Tangalle, along with Srianga, a Sri Lankan who was going to work with us to help with translating and fixing. Oliver had met him on the beach outside the hotel on Christmas day – they got talking due to their common love of cricket. En route to Hambantota, we come across mass graves being dug by mechanical earth movers in the sandy soil by the side of the road. A few miles further on and a number of decomposing bodies are lying in a lake by the roadside – the Sri Lankan army were there carrying out the grim task of clean up duty. I try and take a few shots, to show what is going on but without the images being too gruesome, but the soldiers don’t like us filming – they say it portrays Sri Lanka in a bad light, and we are forced to drive on. The first few hundred metres of coastline in Hambantota is totally devastated. People walk through the rubble in a sense of awe and bewilderment, trying to comprehend what has happened. We meet a man who has flown back from the Middle East where he works, to discover that all of his family have been killed. His words, along with those of so many others are very moving. It’s very difficult to interview in such circumstances, but Katie handles it very well, and he does want to talk and share his story. A large proportion of the population here are poor Muslim fishermen, and they are the ones that seem to have been affected the most. Their houses tended to be poorly constructed with very sandy mortar that gave way with the force of the waves. Often the only buildings that remained standing were the mosques. The following day we visit the hospital in Tangalle where Katie had witnessed the bodies of Tsunami victims piled up along the hospital’s corridors. While filming a piece to camera, suddenly panic spreads as a rumour goes round that another Tsunami is on the way, and we see Sri Lankans running for the hills, and nurses straining to look out towards the coast. A call to the news desk in London confirmed that the rumour was unfounded, and we could carry on filming, but in that moment you got a sense of the dread and utter panic that there must have been just a few days earlier. At the port, they’d just winched a fishing boat down off the roof of a large warehouse, and were now unloading the catch – the ice had not melted, and the fish were to be sent to Colombo to be sold. We edit the piece back at the cabana resort on a Dell Avid laptop, code with Mainconcept mpeg coder and transmit to London over two Inmarsat M4s using Livewire software. Katie and Oliver understandably decide to resume their interrupted honeymoon, so Channel 4 news chief correspondent, Alex Thomson is coming to Sri Lanka, along with producer Sarah Corp. We are to rendezvous on the east coast to work on a story for a special programme scheduled for New Year’s Day. As we approach the surfer’s paradise of Arugam Bay in torrential rain, the signs of the Tsunami are everywhere – parts of the road are washed away, houses are damaged or destroyed, and the army have set up a road block to turn vehicles back. In the distance, you can see why – the bridge that spans the mouth of the estuary has been all but washed away, with the remaining central span at an alarming angle.
I meet up with Sarah, but Alex has set off for Arugam Bay on his own. The army are operating a boat shuttle service across the river – on the other side along a disjointed main road, all that remained of one hotel was its sign “The Tsunami Hotel”. As the torrential rain continued, we met up with Alex. He’d been filming with his personal domestic mini DV camera – something that I wasn’t too happy with! A mile or so down the main road is what’s left of the Siam View Hotel – this has become the focal point of the resort, and the owner, Fred, is organising food and water for survivors and the police and military. There is one remaining room, and Fred says we can stay there – what’s more, he has a working generator and an emergency supply of water for washing. So we decide to base ourselves here, and go back across the river, to retrieve the editing and transmission gear from the van. I set up the M4s on what remains of the balcony – most of it has collapsed, and there’s just enough room to locate them there – in Sri Lanka the Inmarsat Indian ocean satellite is virtually directly overhead so there’s no problem with palm trees obstructing your line of sight. This is New Years Eve – also my birthday – but I’m so tired that I can’t make it to midnight even though Fred has a couple of bottles of wine on offer! New Years Day 2005 – and its still raining! The locals tell us of their frustration with the lack of progress by the military to help them. Indeed, a few locals have salvaged a boat and outboard engine and are organising trips up the coast to check on neighbouring communities. I’ve now got a condensation problem with the camera, but it’s difficult to tell where. Is it inside the filter, on the back element, or just in the viewfinder? I realise its worse on the wide angle, so have to switch over lenses. During the edit, I am able to improve the ‘sat up look’ of the footage slightly using the colour correction feature of Avid by pulling the black level down. I reluctantly use a few shots that Alex has taken with his mini DV – again, colour correcting them to make them look more like the picture from my Panasonic AJD800, but the audio on an interview done on his camera isn’t really acceptable.
It’s not just that someone might think that I shot it, but I think ‘even for news’ we should strive to keep the technical standards as high as possible. During the edit, a team from TBS Japan pop in to inspect our set up, they seem impressed, but we don’t see anymore of them. Over the next few days we work our way up the eastern coast of Sri Lanka. We turn up at the air force base at Ampara to see if we can film the military’s airborne relief effort. We’d already been in touch with headquarters in Colombo, but its proving difficult to get into the base. Sri Lanka is just emerging from a long and bloody civil war, and they are naturally very security conscious. A convoy speeds past us into the base, and the guards inform us that it’s the Sri Lankan government housing minister and she is also the local MP. I have an old press identity card from a previous visit in 2002, and that seems to convince them that we are bona fide journalists. We race up to the terminal building, and interview the minister – Alex and I then follow her out to the helicopter – she is to tour the flood devastated region. I get on the chopper with her – we haven’t actually had any formal permission to go along, but no one raises any objections, and we’re quickly airborne, flying over the devastated bridge that leads into Arugam Bay. From this vantage point the scale of the devastation is apparent, and shocking. Swathes of coastline are now a muddy brown, and buildings are in pieces. Once on the ground, we jump into the back of pick up trucks, and follow the minister to a number of refugee centres, where she’s told that the government aren’t doing enough to help. She also meets an LTTE (Tamil tiger) representative – which I wouldn’t have known other than for a helpful Reuter’s reporter who pointed him out. He also kindly translates for me as I ask him a couple of questions on camera on his views on the government’s relief efforts. We head back towards the waiting choppers, but one of the crew come over to our convoy, and then heads back towards the choppers. I ask a Sri Lankan TV cameraman what’s going on, and he says that the minister wants to go on and see more, but that the choppers have to go onto other duties. I realise that I could be stuck out by the coast for quite a while longer if I stay with the minister, and as I’ve got lots of good material and a piece to do this evening, I run towards the chopper as the rotor blades start to pick up speed. I gesture towards the crew on the chopper if I can board, and they beckon me on – I’ve made it just in the nick of time! As we made our way up the eastern coast, the devastation continued. Close to one downed bridge where a temporary boat service had been set up, an eerie, alien like torso of one more victim lay in the shallows. All that remained was the upper half of the body – a woman – although it was impossible to judge anything more about this victim. A few miles down the road, the Tamil Tigers were assisting in setting up temporary shelters for the homeless. However quite a number of the locals had set up tarpaulins on steep rocky outcrops – obviously seeking out the highest ground in the area, unnerved by the terror from the sea. One benefit of being in the heart of the devastation was that people who knew me were asking me to make donations on their behalf to those in need. I did so for an aunt, and also my granny’s local Methodist club. Where we happened to be was Oluvil, a small Muslim fishing village. I was able to pass onto the committee that had been set up to oversee the reconstruction over 200 US dollars, their gratitude was truly humbling, if not a little uncomfortable. I explained where I, and the money, had come from on the east coast of England, similar in relation to where Oluvil was on the Sri Lankan east coast. I was then able to tell my granny and friends to watch that night’s Channel Four news to see where their donated money had gone. Back in Bangkok, and after a couple of days break and reunited with the bureau correspondent, Ian Williams, we head down to the south of Thailand. After landing in Phuket we drive north, past the devastation of Khao Lak, to visit one forgotten group of Tsunami victims – the illegal Burmese migrants working in Thailand. The survivors were too scared to go and reclaim the bodies of their families, out of fear that the Thai authorities would arrest and deport them. My third Tsunami hit country was going to be the most daunting. The Indonesian province of Aceh had not only had the full impact of the Tsunami, but also the initial earthquake that triggered it all. In Banda Aceh damage caused by the earthquake merged with devastation caused by the Tsunami, and in places it was difficult differentiating between the two. The hotel that we had stayed in during a visit five years earlier had concertinaed like a crushed soft drinks can. Nearly three weeks after the event and a radical Islamic group from the Indonesian city of Solo were still pulling bodies out of the mud at the BRIMOB base (a paramilitary police division) on the edge of town. (Of course Boxing Day wouldn’t mean anything to the locals here as this was a strictly Islamic enclave of Indonesia). As the volunteers were about to break for lunch, most of the bodies had been put into body bags, sparing me the gruesome sights. The bucket of a construction digger was needed to get the bodies back to the main road and from there on to mass graves – in Aceh there were no facilities for the identification of the victims – all of the victims were buried together. The following day was the Islamic festival of Idul Adha – dawn saw religious festivals of thanks in the refugee camps, and the slaughter of cows as an offering to Allah. These unfortunate cattle had been shipped in from other parts of Indonesia as gifts from fellow Muslims, as the locals had lost their animals that were to be their offerings as a result of the Tsunami. In the morning light, filming the religious festival was quite tricky as we wouldn’t be able to show the actual killing, but the whole event was very atmospheric. After the animals are slaughtered, they are butchered and the meat given out to the families. On returning to Indonesian capital of Jakarta, I noticed playback pixelation in the viewfinder of the camera. I ran a cleaning tape through as I thought it was a head clog, but all I got was a constant error message – the camera refused to operate, and was now totally useless. I guess it had had a tough time in the damp, humid conditions, and in a way I was quite lucky that it lasted until we had completed our stories. In the following months we did more stories on the tsunami, as before concentrating more on the local tragedy, when some others focussed on the impact on tourists. Among the issues we covered was the environmental impact of the Tsunami – diving on coral reefs that had been severely damaged, with shattered fan and boulder corals littering the sea bed. We also dived with clean up crews in the murk of Phi Phi beach, as they pulled up a whole array of litter from the sea bed. We also did a story on the Thai’s of Ban Nam Khem who were struggling to rebuild after business men who claimed to own the land tried to grab it to build resorts. The nearby rebuilding efforts were progressing – a new school was being built inland on higher ground, and life was beginning to return to normal. It’s now late May as I finish writing this article with thoughts of the Tsunami fading – it’s a couple of months since we did our last Tsunami related story. My wife, Mix, is feeding our two week old son – today is actually the day he was due to be born – I had made it back just in time for his birth after being in Vietnam doing a story on the 30th anniversary of the end of the war. However, thoughts of the events of 26th December are revived though every time I look at the idyllic sunset holiday photo of the two of us taken in front of the Andaman sea, which is on display in our living room. It was a short holiday just over a year ago at the Khao Lak Laguna resort – a resort which we saw totally destroyed by a reported ten metre wave, killing scores of holidaymakers. And thoughts turn to how fortunate we were that we hadn’t chosen Khao Lak for our 2004 Christmas holiday.
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